Digital transformation and competition in the financial sector
Since the late 1970s, with the emergence of the first mainframe computers in the corporate headquarters and, later, PCs in bank branches, financial institutions have sought to gradually computerise operations and internal processes which were extremely paper- and manpower-intensive (Ontiveros et. al, 2012). This first wave of ICT adoption allowed increasingly complex operations to be processed ever-more efficiently. The larger economies of scale resulting from automation pushed the financial
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